Hallenge. It would be helpful to generate a standardized and validated KAP questionnaire that allows comparisons between countries and across time. The use of factor analysis would Mikamycin IAMedChemExpress Pristinamycin IA facilitate the validation of such tools [37], however it is of crucial importance to reach a consensus regarding the definition of each of the domains and what each knowledge, attitude and practices construct means. Additionally, it is necessary to establish a more suitable way to address attitudes, given that the heterogeneity of the responses in the context of a survey does not allow generalizations in the study population, our results provide evidence that KAP surveys have important measurement limitations. As discussed previously by Launiala [21] the measurement of attitudes via surveys is a sensitive topic, independent of the health issue of interest [76]. Measurement constrains such as respondent bias e.g. faulty recall and social desirability [77] question the validity of this KAP surveys and raise concerns about the possibility of measuring attitudes through surveys. Qualitative approaches such as interviews and direct observation may be more adequate as they allow rapport and buffer cultural barriers between the researchers and the respondents. Our results show that in the context of our study the attitudes domain cannot be summarized into one or two variables because of the heterogeneity and discordance in the data collected. Further research in this issue may provide evidence of these patterns in the context ofPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005016 September 28,12 /KAP Surveys and Dengue Control in Colombiaother public health issues, which will vary given for example socio-cultural norms about the health outcome of interest. A mixed methods approach may be ideal as a methodological strategy to triangulate information about a culturally and socially sensitive topic [78]. MCA, besides from being a generalization of correspondence analysis (CA), can be an adequate data procedure to reduce and summarize a large number of categorical variables into one ordinal variable, where the weighting process is due to a maximization of the overall correlation structure. It is helpful to understand the factors that might contribute to different levels of KAP in the community beyond the traditional descriptive analysis. Additionally, it can also be used as a tool to identify ways to improve the questionnaire and the classification of individuals into categories. Finally, given the broad use of KAP surveys in many aspects of public health such as research, planning and evaluating interventions across different issues in health, MCA becomes a useful tool to analyze the vast amount of data collected with a KAP questionnaire by the creation of one index, optimizing interpretation and usefulness. This study allowed us to identify multiple research opportunities, including the further use of this method to determine what levels of knowledge are associated with pupal indexes, to validate KAP surveys in different populations, to conduct further reliability studies, and to implement an abbreviated version of the method. Since the MequitazineMedChemExpress Mequitazine current evidence about the drivers of preventive practices against dengue is not conclusive, further exploration of such factors would help policy makers to understand and thus promote them in the population at risk. In conclusion, MCA is a useful tool for the analysis of KAP surveys. In regard to dengue, age and educati.Hallenge. It would be helpful to generate a standardized and validated KAP questionnaire that allows comparisons between countries and across time. The use of factor analysis would facilitate the validation of such tools [37], however it is of crucial importance to reach a consensus regarding the definition of each of the domains and what each knowledge, attitude and practices construct means. Additionally, it is necessary to establish a more suitable way to address attitudes, given that the heterogeneity of the responses in the context of a survey does not allow generalizations in the study population, our results provide evidence that KAP surveys have important measurement limitations. As discussed previously by Launiala [21] the measurement of attitudes via surveys is a sensitive topic, independent of the health issue of interest [76]. Measurement constrains such as respondent bias e.g. faulty recall and social desirability [77] question the validity of this KAP surveys and raise concerns about the possibility of measuring attitudes through surveys. Qualitative approaches such as interviews and direct observation may be more adequate as they allow rapport and buffer cultural barriers between the researchers and the respondents. Our results show that in the context of our study the attitudes domain cannot be summarized into one or two variables because of the heterogeneity and discordance in the data collected. Further research in this issue may provide evidence of these patterns in the context ofPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005016 September 28,12 /KAP Surveys and Dengue Control in Colombiaother public health issues, which will vary given for example socio-cultural norms about the health outcome of interest. A mixed methods approach may be ideal as a methodological strategy to triangulate information about a culturally and socially sensitive topic [78]. MCA, besides from being a generalization of correspondence analysis (CA), can be an adequate data procedure to reduce and summarize a large number of categorical variables into one ordinal variable, where the weighting process is due to a maximization of the overall correlation structure. It is helpful to understand the factors that might contribute to different levels of KAP in the community beyond the traditional descriptive analysis. Additionally, it can also be used as a tool to identify ways to improve the questionnaire and the classification of individuals into categories. Finally, given the broad use of KAP surveys in many aspects of public health such as research, planning and evaluating interventions across different issues in health, MCA becomes a useful tool to analyze the vast amount of data collected with a KAP questionnaire by the creation of one index, optimizing interpretation and usefulness. This study allowed us to identify multiple research opportunities, including the further use of this method to determine what levels of knowledge are associated with pupal indexes, to validate KAP surveys in different populations, to conduct further reliability studies, and to implement an abbreviated version of the method. Since the current evidence about the drivers of preventive practices against dengue is not conclusive, further exploration of such factors would help policy makers to understand and thus promote them in the population at risk. In conclusion, MCA is a useful tool for the analysis of KAP surveys. In regard to dengue, age and educati.