Sly [10]. An inhibitor dose-dependence assay was carried out by treating the
Sly [10]. An inhibitor dose-dependence assay was carried out by treating the cells with many concentrations with the inhibitors as indicated in the Figure legends. The inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO as well as the total concentration of DMSO inside the culture media by no means exceeded 1 . Transient transfections of HEK-293 cells were carried out using PEI [24]. Stable transfections have been carried out in HEK-293 FlpIn T-Rex cells (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Lentivirus-mediated knock down of NUAK1 was carried out in U2OS cells applying shRNA constructs as described previously [10]. Post-treatment andor transfection, cells had been lysed in lysis buffer containing 50 mM TrisHCl (pH 7.5), 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM EDTA, 1 Triton X-100, 50 mM NaF, 10 mM sodium 2-glycerophosphate, five mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 0.27 M sucrose, 1 mM benzamidine (added just before lysis), 1 mM PMSF (added prior to lysis) and 0.1 2-mercaptoethanol (added prior to lysis). Lysates have been clarified by HIV-2 Storage & Stability centrifugation at 16 000 g for 15 min at 4 C and either employed for additional experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at – 80 C. Protein estimation was carried out making use of the Bradford process with BSA as a standard.IC50 determinationActive GST UAK1, GST UAK1[A195T] and GST UAK2 enzymes were purified using glutathione epharose from HEK293 cell lysates 368 h following the transient transfection�c The The Author(s) compilation c 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 Authors Journal The author(s) has paid for this article to become freely readily available beneath the terms on the Inventive Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY) (http:creativecommons.orglicensesby3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, offered the original work is properly cited.NUAK-selective inhibitorsFigureWZ4003, a specific NUAK1 and NUAK2 inhibitor(A) Chemical structure of the NUAK1NUAK2 inhibitor WZ4003. (B) Wild-type (WT) GST UAK1 and GST UAK2 had been assayed working with 200 M Sakamototide within the presence of 100 M [ -32 P]ATP (500 c.p.m.pmol) with the indicated concentrations of WZ4003. The IC50 graph was plotted using GraphPad Prism software program with non-linear regression evaluation. The results are presented as the percentage of kinase activity relative to the DMSO-treated handle. Results are signifies S.D. for triplicate reactions with equivalent results obtained in a minimum of a single other experiment. (C) Kinase – profiling from the WZ4003 inhibitor at 1 M was carried out against the panel of 140 kinases in the The International Centre for Protein Kinase Profiling (http:kinase-screen.mrc.ac.uk). AMPK family kinases are indicated with an asterisk, LKB1 having a filled hexagon and NUAK1 with an arrow. The complete names in the kinases is usually found in the HDAC6 web legend to Supplementary Table S1 (at http:biochemj.orgbj457bj4570215add.htm). (D) Wild-type (WT) GST UAK1 and GST UAK1[A195T] had been purified from HEK-293 cells following transient transfection and relative levels of wild-type and mutant enzymes were analysed by Coomassie Blue staining of a polyacrylamide gel (bottom panel). Intrinsic kinase activities on the equivalent amounts of NUAK1 and NUAK1[A195T] were compared by carrying out a quantitative kinase activity assay by calculating the relative kinase-mediated incorporation of [ -32 P]ATP into the Sakamototide substrate peptide. Values are implies S.D. for an experiment carried out in triplicate. (E) As in (B) except that WZ4003 comparative IC50 values had been derived for wild-type (WT) GST UAK1.