Rlyle and Emerson, he exhorted each of his auditors to be honest to himself and to respond to his conscience–the still, small voice within. He urged his pupils to commit themselves to the higher life of the spirit.14 A second example dates from a few GSK2256098 structure months earlier, when Tyndall penned a lengthy reflection on the need to be honest to oneself and to avoid being swayed by others. Thus he stressed the importance of making up one’s own mind about important issues. He portrayed himself as a freethinker, but not in the anti-religious sense because he possessed a firm commitment to the truth and importance of the Bible and adhered to a belief in the power of the Spirit.15 The above examples dating from 1848 indicate that Tyndall had by then achieved a high degree of self-awareness, including the kind of transcendental religious beliefs that Jung associated with the third stage of individuation. Also relevant is his journal entry for 11 October 1848, when he commented on his friend William Ginty, with whom he had worked closely on the Ordnance Survey of Ireland several years earlier. Ginty, he noted, seemed not to have changed (matured) with time: `He has gone a certain depth and now works in a lateral direction–[he] collects more facts, but finds no deeper meaning in them. I had a higher destiny once marked out for Ginty.’16 Tyndall was clearlyG. Cantordisappointed to discover that, in contrast with himself, Ginty had not developed spiritually but was, as it were, stuck in Jung’s second stage.EARLYYEARS:PROTESTANTISMANDMETHODISMBecause the earliest surviving Tyndall letters date from May 1840, his earlier views on religion are difficult to ascertain. His mother was descended from a Quaker farming family in County Carlow,17 but it is unlikely that she retained any Quaker beliefs or practices at the time that she married John Tyndall Snr, a Protestant and Orangeman who had served in the Irish constabulary but then worked as a boot and shoemaker in Leighlin Bridge, County Carlow. Tyndall Snr was closely allied to the local Protestant squirearchy. His landlord was Captain William Richard Steuart, who lived nearby with his wife, Elizabeth, in Steuart’s Lodge. Steuart had served as High Sherriff of Carlow in 1821, was a local magistrate and sometimes employed John Snr on his estate. His other patrons included John Alexander (a wealthy and successful mill-owner), Hugh Faulkner (a magistrate who had served as High Sheriff ) and Richard Boyle Barnard, the Dean of Leighlin. It was the Dean who persuaded John Tyndall Jr not to emigrate to America after he had been dismissed from the Ordnance Survey in 1843.18 Culturally the Tyndalls, father and son, belonged to the Irish Protestant community. In the early letters there are a few references to John Tyndall’s views on religion. Five months after he left Leighlin Bridge for Youghal, a close family friend asked him, on behalf of his sister Emma, whether he was `as fond of going to evening prayer there as you were in Leighlin Bridge’.19 This suggests that he had earlier been a regular attender at the Parish 3′-Methylquercetin site Church in Leighlin Bridge or at St Lazerian’s Cathedral in Old Leighlin, some two miles away. Moreover, in a letter written almost a decade later to his friend and confidant the mathematician Thomas Archer Hirst, Tyndall admitted that for a period of two years earlier in his life, he had been strongly drawn to religion: `I would have given anything to have been a Christian’,20 he admitted. Moreover, he h.Rlyle and Emerson, he exhorted each of his auditors to be honest to himself and to respond to his conscience–the still, small voice within. He urged his pupils to commit themselves to the higher life of the spirit.14 A second example dates from a few months earlier, when Tyndall penned a lengthy reflection on the need to be honest to oneself and to avoid being swayed by others. Thus he stressed the importance of making up one’s own mind about important issues. He portrayed himself as a freethinker, but not in the anti-religious sense because he possessed a firm commitment to the truth and importance of the Bible and adhered to a belief in the power of the Spirit.15 The above examples dating from 1848 indicate that Tyndall had by then achieved a high degree of self-awareness, including the kind of transcendental religious beliefs that Jung associated with the third stage of individuation. Also relevant is his journal entry for 11 October 1848, when he commented on his friend William Ginty, with whom he had worked closely on the Ordnance Survey of Ireland several years earlier. Ginty, he noted, seemed not to have changed (matured) with time: `He has gone a certain depth and now works in a lateral direction–[he] collects more facts, but finds no deeper meaning in them. I had a higher destiny once marked out for Ginty.’16 Tyndall was clearlyG. Cantordisappointed to discover that, in contrast with himself, Ginty had not developed spiritually but was, as it were, stuck in Jung’s second stage.EARLYYEARS:PROTESTANTISMANDMETHODISMBecause the earliest surviving Tyndall letters date from May 1840, his earlier views on religion are difficult to ascertain. His mother was descended from a Quaker farming family in County Carlow,17 but it is unlikely that she retained any Quaker beliefs or practices at the time that she married John Tyndall Snr, a Protestant and Orangeman who had served in the Irish constabulary but then worked as a boot and shoemaker in Leighlin Bridge, County Carlow. Tyndall Snr was closely allied to the local Protestant squirearchy. His landlord was Captain William Richard Steuart, who lived nearby with his wife, Elizabeth, in Steuart’s Lodge. Steuart had served as High Sherriff of Carlow in 1821, was a local magistrate and sometimes employed John Snr on his estate. His other patrons included John Alexander (a wealthy and successful mill-owner), Hugh Faulkner (a magistrate who had served as High Sheriff ) and Richard Boyle Barnard, the Dean of Leighlin. It was the Dean who persuaded John Tyndall Jr not to emigrate to America after he had been dismissed from the Ordnance Survey in 1843.18 Culturally the Tyndalls, father and son, belonged to the Irish Protestant community. In the early letters there are a few references to John Tyndall’s views on religion. Five months after he left Leighlin Bridge for Youghal, a close family friend asked him, on behalf of his sister Emma, whether he was `as fond of going to evening prayer there as you were in Leighlin Bridge’.19 This suggests that he had earlier been a regular attender at the Parish Church in Leighlin Bridge or at St Lazerian’s Cathedral in Old Leighlin, some two miles away. Moreover, in a letter written almost a decade later to his friend and confidant the mathematician Thomas Archer Hirst, Tyndall admitted that for a period of two years earlier in his life, he had been strongly drawn to religion: `I would have given anything to have been a Christian’,20 he admitted. Moreover, he h.