Easurement of subjective states. Ann Rheum Dis 38: 558559. 9. Stevens SS On the theory of scales of measurement. Science 103: 677 680. ten. Jackson D, Horn S, Kersten P, Turner-Stokes L Development of a pictorial scale of pain intensity for sufferers with communication impairments: Initial validation in a general population. Clin Med six: 580585. 11. Linacre JM Visual Analog Scales. Rasch Meas Transactions 12: 639. 12. Munshi J A strategy for constructing Likert scales. Sonoma State University. Readily available: http://www.munshi.4t.com/papers/likert.html. 13. Gallagher EJ, Bijur PE, Latimer C, Silver W Reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for acute abdominal discomfort inside the ED. Am J Emerg Med 20: 287290. 14. Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE Potential validation of clinically crucial modifications in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med 38: 16574785 633638. 15. Kelly AM Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores differ with gender, age, or reason for discomfort Acad Emerg Med five: 1086 1090. 16. Lee JS, Hobden E, Stiell IG, Wells GA Clinically important alter in the visual analog scale just after sufficient discomfort handle. Acad Emerg Med ten: 1128 1130. 17. Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, Bonacci R Clinical significance of reported adjustments in discomfort severity. Ann Emerg Med 27: 485489. 18. Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: A reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. J Discomfort four: 407414. 19. Auffinger BM, Lall RR, Dahdaleh NS, Wong AP, Lam SK, et al. 1315463 Measuring Surgical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Assessment of Minimum Clinically Significant Difference. PLoS One eight. 20. Bird SB, Dickson EW Clinically substantial adjustments in pain along the visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med 38: 639643. 21. Emshoff R, Bertram S, Emshoff I Clinically critical difference thresholds on the visual analog scale: A conceptual model for identifying meaningful intraindividual adjustments for discomfort intensity. Discomfort 152: 22772282. 22. Myles PS, Troedel S, Boquest M, Reeves M The discomfort visual analog scale: Is it linear or nonlinear BI 78D3 chemical information Anesth Analg 89: 15171520. 23. Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ Reliability in the visual analog scale for measurement of acute discomfort. Acad Emerg Med 8: 11531157. 24. DeLoach LJ, Higgins MS, Caplan AB, Stiff JL The visual analog scale in the immediate postoperative period: Intrasubject variability and correlation with a numeric scale. Anesth Analg 86: 102106. 25. Loevinger J Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory. Psychol Rep three: 635694. 26. Rasch G Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 27. Fisher GH Derivations of your Rasch model. In: Fisher GH, Molenaar IW, editors. Rasch Models Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag. 28. Kersten P, White PJ, Tennant A The Visual Analogue WOMAC 3.0 scale – Internal validity and responsiveness from 
the VAS version. BMC Musculoskeletal Arg8-vasopressin Problems 11. 29. Thomee R, Grimby G, Wright BD, 
Linacre JM Rasch evaluation of Visual Analog Scale measurements before and after remedy of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in ladies. Scand J Rehabil Med 27: 145151. 30. Straube D, Campbell SK Rater discrimination making use of the visual analog scale from the Physical Therapist Clinical Functionality Instrument. J Phys Ther Educ 17: 3338. 31. Lerdal A, Kottorp A, Gay C.Easurement of subjective states. Ann Rheum Dis 38: 558559. 9. Stevens SS Around the theory of scales of measurement. Science 103: 677 680. 10. Jackson D, Horn S, Kersten P, Turner-Stokes L Development of a pictorial scale of pain intensity for patients with communication impairments: Initial validation inside a general population. Clin Med 6: 580585. 11. Linacre JM Visual Analog Scales. Rasch Meas Transactions 12: 639. 12. Munshi J A strategy for constructing Likert scales. Sonoma State University. Obtainable: http://www.munshi.4t.com/papers/likert.html. 13. Gallagher EJ, Bijur PE, Latimer C, Silver W Reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for acute abdominal discomfort inside the ED. Am J Emerg Med 20: 287290. 14. Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE Prospective validation of clinically crucial modifications in discomfort severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med 38: 16574785 633638. 15. Kelly AM Does the clinically significant distinction in visual analog scale discomfort scores differ with gender, age, or cause of pain Acad Emerg Med five: 1086 1090. 16. Lee JS, Hobden E, Stiell IG, Wells GA Clinically vital adjust in the visual analog scale following adequate pain control. Acad Emerg Med ten: 1128 1130. 17. Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, Bonacci R Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med 27: 485489. 18. Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and modify scores: A reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. J Pain 4: 407414. 19. Auffinger BM, Lall RR, Dahdaleh NS, Wong AP, Lam SK, et al. 1315463 Measuring Surgical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Assessment of Minimum Clinically Essential Difference. PLoS A single 8. 20. Bird SB, Dickson EW Clinically considerable adjustments in pain along the visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med 38: 639643. 21. Emshoff R, Bertram S, Emshoff I Clinically important difference thresholds from the visual analog scale: A conceptual model for identifying meaningful intraindividual changes for pain intensity. Discomfort 152: 22772282. 22. Myles PS, Troedel S, Boquest M, Reeves M The pain visual analog scale: Is it linear or nonlinear Anesth Analg 89: 15171520. 23. Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ Reliability from the visual analog scale for measurement of acute discomfort. Acad Emerg Med eight: 11531157. 24. DeLoach LJ, Higgins MS, Caplan AB, Stiff JL The visual analog scale within the quick postoperative period: Intrasubject variability and correlation using a numeric scale. Anesth Analg 86: 102106. 25. Loevinger J Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory. Psychol Rep 3: 635694. 26. Rasch G Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 27. Fisher GH Derivations of your Rasch model. In: Fisher GH, Molenaar IW, editors. Rasch Models Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag. 28. Kersten P, White PJ, Tennant A The Visual Analogue WOMAC three.0 scale – Internal validity and responsiveness from the VAS version. BMC Musculoskeletal Problems 11. 29. Thomee R, Grimby G, Wright BD, Linacre JM Rasch analysis of Visual Analog Scale measurements before and after therapy of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in girls. Scand J Rehabil Med 27: 145151. 30. Straube D, Campbell SK Rater discrimination employing the visual analog scale with the Physical Therapist Clinical Functionality Instrument. J Phys Ther Educ 17: 3338. 31. Lerdal A, Kottorp A, Gay C.